Password Security in 2026: What Actually Works

2026 年密码安全：真正有效的方法

Every few years a new article promises to "finally solve" the password problem. The truth is simpler: with the right habits and a small set of well-understood tools, you can make your accounts effectively unbreakable today. No magic, no subscriptions, no deep technical knowledge required. This guide is the full playbook.

每隔几年就会出现一篇"彻底解决密码问题"的新文章。真相其实更简单：只要养成正确的习惯，配合少数几个好理解的工具，今天就能让你的账号几乎不可破解。不需要神技、不需要订阅服务、不需要深厚的技术背景。这份指南就是完整操作手册。

Rule 1: length beats complexity

原则一：长度胜过复杂度

A password's strength is measured by how many guesses an attacker would need to break it. Every extra character multiplies the work, while replacing 'a' with '@' or adding a capital letter at the start only adds a handful of possibilities. A 16-character random password is exponentially stronger than an 8-character one with clever substitutions. Aim for at least 14 characters, ideally 16 or more, for important accounts.

密码强度的衡量标准是攻击者要试多少次才能破解。每多一个字符，所需工作量就翻倍；而把 'a' 换成 '@'、或在开头加一个大写字母，只能增加几十种可能。16 位随机密码的强度，比 8 位带花式替换的密码高出一大截。重要账号至少用 14 位，最好 16 位或更长。

Use our password generator to create strong random passwords in your browser.

用我们的 密码生成器 在浏览器中生成强随机密码。

Rule 2: use a password manager

原则二：使用密码管理器

A password manager generates, stores, and autofills unique passwords for every account. You only need to remember one strong master password. Reputable options include Bitwarden (open source, free tier available), 1Password, Apple Passwords, and Google Password Manager. Avoid browser-stored passwords alone — they are tied to a single device or account and are easier to extract during a compromise.

密码管理器为每个账号生成、存储并自动填充独立的密码。你只需要记住一个强的主密码。可信赖的方案包括 Bitwarden（开源、有免费版）、1Password、Apple 密码以及 Google 密码管理器。尽量不要只用浏览器内置的密码保存功能 —— 它与单台设备或单个账号绑定，被入侵时更容易被提取。

Your master password should be long, memorable, and unique. A passphrase — four or five random words joined with a separator — is a great choice. Examples: river-bottle-coffee-magnet-21.

主密码应该足够长、好记且唯一。一个"口令短语"（passphrase）—— 用分隔符连接四到五个随机单词 —— 是非常好的方案。例子：river-bottle-coffee-magnet-21。

Rule 3: enable two-factor authentication

原则三：开启两步验证

Even a strong password can leak through data breaches, phishing, or malware. Two-factor authentication (2FA) adds a second requirement — something you have, like a phone or hardware key — so a stolen password alone is not enough.

即使是很强的密码，也可能通过数据泄露、钓鱼或恶意软件泄露。两步验证（2FA）增加了第二道条件 —— 一个"你拥有的东西"，比如手机或硬件密钥 —— 让仅凭被盗的密码不足以登录。

Prefer authenticator apps (Authy, Google Authenticator, Bitwarden) or hardware keys (YubiKey, Titan) over SMS codes. SMS can be intercepted via SIM-swapping and is the weakest form of 2FA. Where possible, use FIDO2/WebAuthn hardware keys for your most important accounts (email, banking, password manager).

优先选择身份验证器 App（Authy、Google Authenticator、Bitwarden）或硬件密钥（YubiKey、Titan），而不是短信验证码。短信可通过 SIM 卡交换被劫持，是最弱的 2FA 形式。重要账号（邮箱、银行、密码管理器）尽量使用支持 FIDO2 / WebAuthn 的硬件密钥。

Rule 4: never reuse passwords

原则四：永远不要重复使用密码

Credential stuffing — taking a leaked email/password pair and trying it on other sites — works because people reuse passwords. The fix is straightforward: every account gets its own random password, generated and stored in your password manager. You don't have to remember them; the manager does.

撞库攻击 —— 把泄露的邮箱/密码组合拿去其他网站尝试 —— 能成功，正是因为人们重复使用密码。解决方法很简单：每个账号用密码管理器生成独立的随机密码。你不需要记住它们，管理器会代劳。

Have I Been Pwned (haveibeenpwned.com) is a free service run by security researcher Troy Hunt. Enter your email and it will tell you which known breaches your address has appeared in. If you find a reused password in a breach, change it everywhere it is used.

Have I Been Pwned（haveibeenpwned.com）是安全研究员 Troy Hunt 维护的免费服务。输入你的邮箱，它会告诉你该地址出现在哪些已知泄露事件中。如果发现某个被复用的密码出现在泄露中，立即在所有使用它的地方全部修改。

Rule 5: watch out for phishing

原则五：警惕钓鱼

Phishing emails and texts impersonate banks, package carriers, social networks, and coworkers. The link goes to a fake login page that captures your password. Defenses:

钓鱼邮件和短信会伪装成银行、快递公司、社交平台或同事。链接指向伪造的登录页，骗取你的密码。防御方法：

• Never click login links in emails or messages. Go to the site directly.
• 永远不要点击邮件或消息里的登录链接。直接访问网站本身。
• Check the sender's full email address, not just the display name.
• 检查发件人的完整邮箱地址，而不仅仅是显示的姓名。
• Hover over links to see the real URL before clicking.
• 点击前悬停查看链接的真实 URL。
• Use a password manager — it only autofills on the real domain, not on lookalike phishing pages.
• 使用密码管理器 —— 它只在真实域名上自动填充，在仿冒的钓鱼页上不会工作。
• When in doubt, contact the supposed sender through a separate, known channel.
• 拿不准时，通过另一条已知渠道联系对方核实。

Rule 6: keep software updated

原则六：及时更新软件

Most successful attacks exploit known vulnerabilities that already have a patch. Enable automatic updates on your phone, computer, browser, and any apps you rely on. Restart your devices regularly so updates can finish installing. The single biggest security upgrade most people can make is turning on automatic updates.

大多数成功的攻击利用的是已有补丁的已知漏洞。打开手机、电脑、浏览器以及常用应用的自动更新。定期重启设备，让更新完成安装。普通人能做的最大安全升级，就是打开自动更新。

Rule 7: think about recovery

原则七：考虑账号恢复

Security is not just about preventing compromise — it is also about being able to recover if the worst happens. Set up:

安全不只是防止被攻破，也包括在最坏情况下能恢复。请提前设置：

• A backup 2FA method (a second hardware key, or a printed set of recovery codes stored in a safe place).
• 备用 2FA 方法（第二把硬件密钥，或一组纸质恢复码，妥善保管）。
• A trusted recovery contact for your password manager.
• 密码管理器的可信恢复联系人。
• An up-to-date emergency contact email for your primary email account.
• 主邮箱设置一个最新的紧急联系邮箱。

Putting it all together

整合起来

A reasonable end-state looks like this:

一个合理的最终状态长这样：

• You use a reputable password manager with a strong, unique master passphrase.
• 使用一个可信赖的密码管理器，主密码是一个独特且强壮的"口令短语"。
• Every account has its own randomly generated password of at least 14 characters.
• 每个账号都使用 14 位以上的随机密码，且彼此独立。
• Your most important accounts (email, banking, password manager) have hardware-key 2FA.
• 最关键的账号（邮箱、银行、密码管理器）使用硬件密钥 2FA。
• Software updates happen automatically.
• 所有软件保持自动更新。
• You know how to recognize phishing and avoid clicking suspicious links.
• 能够识别钓鱼，不会随意点击可疑链接。
• You have a recovery plan in case you lose access to a device.
• 有恢复方案以应对设备丢失等极端情况。

Try the tools

试试这些工具

Generate a strong password with the password generator. Encode and decode test data with the Base64 tool. Everything runs in your browser, so nothing you type is uploaded.

用 密码生成器 生成强密码，用 Base64 工具 编码/解码测试数据。所有处理都在你的浏览器中完成，输入的内容不会上传。